Money Blue Book

Goodbye 2008 and Good Riddance - Hello Year 2009!

Happy New Year everyone! As much as I’d like to be forward looking, sometimes it’s hard not to recap the past. I think 2008 will go down as one of the worst years in American history in terms of the economy and national morale. Since the start of last year, there has been this gloomy gray cloud of recession worries and depression fears that has persistently lingered over the heads of all Americans. Despite our attempts to shake its clutches by turning our attentions to more exciting events such as the media circus and hype surrounding the historic presidential election of  Barack Obama, the first African American to be voted into the White House, it appears the ominous clouds will follow us into 2009 and beyond for the foreseeable future.

Who To Blame and Where To Go From Here

Those who want to take the easy way out by blaming the credit crisis and current economic woes on the Bush administration, or on the Democratic Congress, or even on the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan – have their sights on the wrong culprits. The primary blame should be placed on ourselves – the credit and home hungry American consumer who pushed housing prices to astronomical and unsustainable levels. Weaned on easy credit and driven to consume to great excess over the last few years, our abandonment of the age-old practice of saving and living within our means put us on the road to financial disaster that finally came to fruition during 2008.

While the spigot of credit offers and home mortgage loans flowed freely and easily, the destructive cycle of revolving debt and high risk investing was triggered. When housing prices finally halted its irrational surge and began to plummet, so too did the fates of dependent investment banks and mortgage lenders. The precipitous downfall took with it – former pillars of American financial might – companies like Bear Stearns, AIG, and Fannie Mae. In 2008 we saw the fall of major savings banks like IndyMac and Washington Mutual, and witnessed the catastrophic destruction of shareholder equity in financial giants like Citibank, Bank of America, and JP Morgan Chase. The domino effect of the housing collapse has caused the entire U.S. economy to pull back, leading to a decrease in consumer spending activity, triggering further scale backs in worldwide economic growth. With the ongoing deterioration and lock up of the credit and banking institutions, we are now entering an unstoppable economic recession, as massive in scale as our nation’s ever experienced, with no end in sight.

Certainly the federal government with its regulatory oversight powers have some share of the blame as it was their responsibility to ensure home mortgages were being priced fairly and sold at levels warranted by the underlying risk. The federal government’s overzealous housing agenda and eagerness to ensure that all Americans became homeowners (when a vast segment had no business ever becoming one), resulted in billions to trillions of dollars worth of risky subprime mortgages being offered to individuals totally unqualified for such loans. The Fed (with its infinite number of financial experts) still managed to fall asleep at the wheel and wind up negligently steering the great American ship into an economic iceberg. If it’s one thing that we hopefully have learned from 2008, it’s that even the most savvy and professional of financial experts fail to get it right sometimes – just ask any one of the trusting and savvy investors who invested their life savings with hell-bound scam artist Bernie Madoff and his $50 billion Ponzi scheme.

Without a doubt, 2008 was a terrible year for the economy. Many of my friends, particularly those in the financial and accounting sectors, now find themselves laid off and unemployed for the first time in their lives during what will likely go down in history as the worst economic recession since the Great Depression of 1929. But amidst the financial anger and desperation, I have faith that better times are ahead of us. Unless financial Armageddon is truly looming (and I don’t think it is), there is hope for better days in the years ahead. Until blue skies reign again, we’ll simply have to buckle down and adopt a more defensive financial and savings strategy to weather this economic storm. After all, we are all in this together – each feeling the economic pain in some way or another. We’ll get through the tough times in due time.

One Thing I Learned in 2008 – It’s Impossible To Predict The Direction Of The Economy and World Events With Any Real Precision

At the beginning of 2008, I posted a blog entry about my stock market projections and financial predictions for 2008. The purpose was to compare my plans for the new year with actual reality 12 months after. Well, after examining my predictions for 2008 and comparing my projections with what actually happened, I’ve come to the conclusion that I’m the worst soothsayer in the world. The great majority of my predictions were way off base, but then again, who could have predicted the current events as they ultimately turned out? It just goes to show that despite our best efforts, financial predictions are simply educated guesses at best. Here is how my predictions fared against economic and political reality.

1. In January 2008, I predicted the U.S. economy would be able to stave off a full blown recession during 2008, not realizing just how bad the financial and housing markets were and how much wealth destruction they would ultimately wreck on the overall economy. I was completely way off on this particular prediction. The economy ultimately nose dived into a severe recession and currently we are teetering on the brink of another cataclysmic wave of unemployment increases, surge in credit induced bankruptcies, and further drops in consumer spending. The collapse of the American economic engine due to unsustainable subprime mortgages and plummeting home prices has also managed to bring down down the economies of the rest of the world, as evidenced by staggering stock price wipe outs across the board in most of the U.S. and world stock markets. During the 12 month span of 2008, the Dow Jones Index plummeted 34%, the S&P 500 Index went down 35%, and the NASDAQ dropped 40%. Asian stock markets fared even worse as the Korean KOSPI dropped 41%, Japan’s Nikkei dropped 42%, and China’s FTSE/Xinhua FXI 25 Index plummeted a staggering 50%.
2. Interestingly, I predicted Presidential candidate Hillary Clinton would ultimately win the Democratic nomination and go on to win the U.S. Presidential election as I did not believe the Republicans could produce a sufficiently viable candidate who could sufficiently distance him or herself from President Bush and his administration to compete with the Democrats. A Democratic candidate ultimately did win the national election, but instead of Clinton, it was young Barack Obama who captured the hearts and minds of the American people, inspiring them to vote in the name of change for the nation’s first non-Caucasian president.
3. I’m not sure what to make of my prediction about the direction of oil prices. For 2008, I predicted that crude oil prices would not exceed $100 a barrel and that average fuel pump prices would remain steady at around $3.00. However, after blowing past the $100 mark and reaching highs of $125 during spring 2008, crude oil prices ultimately plummeted in a span of only 9 months due to drastic pullbacks in world wide fuel demand triggered by slowing world economies, eventually causing crude oil prices to plunge below $50 a barrel. Fuel prices now stand at less than $1.50 a gallon at many gas stations across the United States -  absolutely stunning levels we haven’t seen in some time. I suppose that’s one thing we can be thankful for these days – the availability of cheap gas.

In Terms Of the Stock Market, Gas Prices, the Housing Market, and the Economy, Here Are My Financial Predictions For  2009:

1) Doomed U.S. Auto Industry – Despite the vehement protests from a vast majority of American taxpayers, the U.S. President and Congress ultimately chose to ignore the public will and bail out the beleaguered U.S. automobile industry with a series of quick loans and a plan to buy shares in the companies. Unfortunately, I don’t believe the American auto industry as it currently exists today can be saved. Ultimately, I believe the big three car makers of GM, Chrysler, and Ford will need further governmental intervention at the risk of taxpayer expense sometime during 2009 to stay afloat, and will be back for more urgent federal bailout money. As it currently stands, the collective business model of the entire American auto industry is extremely flawed and the biggest crippling factor of the car makers’ ability to become profitable is the United Auto Workers (UAW) union. Unless the U.S. automakers can be freed from the high cost of its union strong-armed pension packages, health plans, and high wages, the U.S. auto makers will never be able to compete with their more financially efficient foreigner competitors like Toyota or Honda.

2) Low Gas Prices – I predict fuel prices will stay low for the entire extent of 2009 due to diminishing fuel demand and persistent economic drag attributed to the current economic recession. The only event that may trigger a significant increase in fuel prices sufficient to counter the recession effects would be some type of significant geo-political event such as an act of significant terrorism similar to that which occurred on 9-11 (which I don’t believe will come to fruition).

3) Continued Bad Economy and Recession – I believe the U.S. economy will get worse before it gets better. The first two economic quarters of 2009 will be absolutely horrendous as unemployment rates will surge and businesses will continue to lay off employees and shut down due to deteriorating conditions. In the latter half of 2009, during 3Q and 4Q, the U.S. economy will continue to suffer, although to a lesser degree than the first half. However, I don’t expect any type of notable economic recovery during 2009. Even if Obama pushes through his rumored $1 trillion economic stimulus plan complete with another round of tax rebate checks, the economy will still need a significant amount of time to work itself out. The banking industry and credit markets have simply suffered too much damage, and a new way of doing business must emerge before the economy will improve. Get ready for tough times ahead – grumpy bears are here to stay, and beat up bulls have left the building. I’m not predicting an outright economic depression, but it’ll be close to one.

4) Worsening Real Estate Market – Housing prices will continue to plummet in 2009 with no stability in sight. Certainly housing prices are ultimately local and regionally based, but nationally, I project average home prices to drop about 15% in 2009 and another 5% in 2010.  The current national glut of homes for sale is simply tremendous and the available housing inventory exceeds a 12 month supply. Furthermore, the rate of home foreclosures continue to increase and the ongoing credit crisis continues to make home mortgage refinancing difficult for most home owners. While mortgage interest rates for prime borrowers have dropped to lows of nearly 4%, the vast majority of prospective home buyers seem content to wait it out, knowing that time is on their side in terms of finding their dream bargain home in the next few years. I would know – I’m one of them. As a prospective single family home buyer myself, I’m in no hurry to buy a home anytime soon. I’m currently waiting for home prices in my area to drop another 20-25% before I step in. Knowing that many home sellers are refusing to sell their homes at present day low prices and are hoping to wait out the housing recession as well, it’s my belief that their collective refusal to sell at today’s low levels are only contributing to the worsening condition of the real estate market. Eventually, sellers will have to face the grim reality that home prices will not be returning to the highly leveraged levels of 2006 or 2007 for decades to come.

5) Gloomy Stock Market – Financial pundits frequently cite the truisms that the stock market is a forward looking beast and that it usually responds about 6 months before the actual economy does. Those two traits certainly may be true, but I don’t think the U.S. or world stock markets will be pricing in any type of economic recovery during 2009. The earliest we will likely see a bounce back will be sometime during 2010, at that’s being optimistic in my opinion. The high stock market prices of years past will not return again for many years. Remember, stock prices from 2002-2007 were buttressed through the power of leverage and debt financing via the unsustainable mechanisms of fancy mortgage backed securities and free flowing loans. With the current housing market destroyed, financial markets ruined, and banking institutions clutching their federal bailout money for life support and afraid to lend it out, it will be some time before we can expect stock prices to recover. Because investment and consumer sentiments are so pessimistic, and leveraged plays have all but disappeared, a quick V-shaped recovery is almost unthinkable. Perhaps it’s time to buy gold or save money in high yield savings accounts with the best banks online. For the majority of 2009, I plan to adopt a defensive turtle strategy and seek out protective investments such as FDIC insured savings accounts or high yield CD’s.

6) End Of Lucrative Credit Card Offers – With the recent passage of the new credit card rules by the federal government that greatly favor credit card consumers, scheduled for effect on July 1, 2010, major credit card issuers like Citibank, Capital One, Bank of America, Discover Card, and American Express will be forced to restructure their existing credit card agreements to respond to the new regulatory demands. During 2009, the major credit card issuers are likely to increase credit card interest rates for all consumers across the board, for both good and bad credit card customers alike. To compensate for the less favorable profitability standards of the new credit card regulations, formerly lucrative 0% balance transfer offers will be gradually be fazed out, with FICO credit score standards increased substantially to weed out those applicants with questionable credit ratings. While the new credit card rules don’t officially take effect until the summer of 2010, the credit card companies are likely to start implementing significant changes over the span of 2009. The era of the App-O-Rama and 0% APR balance transfer credit card deals is coming to an end.

After two decades at the same coverage limit, the U.S. government has finally stopped dragging its knuckles and raised the FDIC insured limit for bank deposits from the previous FDIC limit of $100,000 – up  to the new limit of $250,000 per depositor, per insured bank. For your average bank customer, this means that he or she will now receive full FDIC insurance coverage up to $250,000 for the total sum of their single accounts (checking, savings, and CD deposits) at each banking institution. Other account category types like joint accounts and trust accounts will also each enjoy separate increased $250,000 limits at each bank. However, retirement accounts held by banks as FDIC insured deposits will remain at the previous $250,000 limit.

For those who don’t know, the FDIC stands for the U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, a federally run government organization that protects bank customers from the loss of their deposits in the event of a catastrophic FDIC-insured bank failure. The protection afforded by FDIC insurance is near iron-clad as it is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. There is no need for bank depositors to apply for FDIC insurance or even to request it as coverage is automatic. Below are the new and current FDIC insurance coverage limits for deposits at FDIC insured member banks. The new FDIC limits are effective starting October 3, 2008 and tentatively scheduled to expire on December 31, 2009. While the FDIC does not directly cover deposits held in credit union institutions, in response to the new FDIC limits, the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund, or NCUSIF, has raised credit union insurance limits up to $250,000 through Dec. 31, 2009 as well.

Although the newly enacted FDIC insurance limits are slated to end at the end of 2009, I predict that Congress will more likely than not make the new coverage limits permanent after that time. Frankly, in light of the current financial crisis and deteriorating consumer confidence sentiment regarding the safety and security of our nation’s banks and credit unions, there is no reason the U.S. government should not allow the new FDIC limits to stay permanent.

The New Increase In FDIC Insurance Coverage For All FDIC Insured Deposits Will Help Improve Consumer Confidence In The Banking System

With the passage of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, the U.S. Congress has agreed to increase the previous FDIC insured limit of $100,000 by 150% to $250,000 through the end of next year until the last day of 2009. For those who argue that the new boost in FDIC insurance coverage is unnecessary and too high, keep in mind that after factoring in the effects of inflation since it was last increased in 1980, the current FDIC insured increase is perfectly in line with inflationary reality. Besides, desperate financial times require desperate measures. The U.S. and world economies are faltering and the major banking institutions are struggling to stay afloat during this terrible credit crisis. While the FDIC insured limit increase probably won’t have a direct effect on the credit crunch (I hate this phrase but everyone uses it) as the main problem in the banking sector is that banks are refusing to lend to each other rather than suffering from a direct shortage of bank deposits, having a higher limit will probably go a long way in instilling consumer confidence in the U.S. banking system again. In the long run, this should have a positive and stabilizing ripple effect on the economy at large.

Personally, I’ve been rather active lately in my banking transactions, opening new high yield savings accounts with the top online banks and shifting money around to make sure every single cent of my cash deposits are fully protected under the FDIC limits. As many concerned consumers have been doing, I have been seeking the shelter and safety of bank deposits during this time of financial and economic turmoil. As a small business owner I tend to carry around significant amounts of cash for payroll, accounting, and business investment purposes – much more than the usual consumer account holder. To ensure full FDIC protection for my bank deposits in excess of $100,000, I’ve been spreading cash around among multiple banks to increase my FDIC coverage limits by setting up separate single and joint accounts to take advantage of the separate FDIC coverage for each account category.

The new FDIC limit increase will allow consumers to keep more of their money at the same banking institution without having to scramble around desperately looking for other FDIC insured banking options to spread their funds around. While bank failures remain extremely rare, with the recent collapse of major banking institutions like IndyMac and Washington Mutual, the occurrence and possibility of such a reality has become all too real. The recent decision by the U.S. Congress to raise the FDIC limit on an emergency basis was long overdue and necessary to calm the public’s worry and reduce the number of irrational actions taken by those fearful of losing their money or investments. Ultimately the decision will help put a stop to the massive waves of bank withdraws due to panicky customers pulling their money out of banks in response to irrational concerns. The new FDIC insured limit will help prevent such desperate monetary runs on the banks and allow the banking system to continue operating as normal.

However, The New FDIC Coverage Increase Will Not Result In Higher Interest Yields Or Financially Affect The Vast Majority Of Banking Customers

While the new FDIC limit increase should help boost consumer confidence in banks and credit unions, and help stem some of the panic and fear in the marketplace, most consumers are unlikely to experience much of a difference. It’s mostly the wealthier individuals or small businesses who carry around significant amounts of cash in their checking or savings accounts that are likely to directly appreciate the new FDIC insurance cap. The great majority of average everyday banking customers do not have more than $100,000 in a single bank account anyway.

Furthermore, those who are hoping to see higher interest rates or yields on their high interest savings accounts or certificate of deposits (CD’s) will be sorely disappointed. There is a very real likelihood that as the perceived confidence in our banks goes up, the interest rate expectations may go down. Because the FDIC is financed through premiums paid by FDIC member banks, participating banks are obligated to pay periodic premiums for FDIC insurance coverage. As such, there is a high inevitable possibility that they may eventually have to pay more in the way of FDIC premiums for the new higher insurance coverage limits. With higher FDIC premiums to contend with, banks may ultimately pass on the cost to consumers by offering lower interest rates for their deposits.

In a move that probably will benefit smaller local and community banks more than the mega “too big to fail” banking giants like Citibank, Bank of America, or JP Morgan Chase, the new financial bailout plan also provides for unlimited FDIC insurance coverage for certain accounts. Banking customers of FDIC insured banks will receive unlimited insurance for money deposited into non-interest bearing accounts, a protection that primarily benefits small and mid size businesses that have bank deposits exceeding the new insured maximum of $250,000. This temporary, but extendable unlimited protection was enacted to stabilize business risk, and prevent the type of loss faced by many businesses when a bank or thrift savings institution failed. Under this temporary unlimited FDIC insurance plan for non interest bearing bank accounts, a typical small business will be able to keep $250,000 worth of interest bearing funds in a regular checking, savings, or CD account, and put the remainder in zero interest accounts for unlimited FDIC insurance coverage. Under the bailout plan, for the first 30 days of the program, all FDIC insured banks will enjoy this unlimited FDIC protection for their non-interest bearing bank deposits. After that, member banks must opt-out of the program if they no longer wish to offer this unlimited protection.

Whether we want to acknowledge the grim reality or not, the vast majority of the American public is undergoing a mental crisis at the moment during this difficult period of economic recession and housing depression. Indeed, this economic slowdown is causing many Americans to struggle financially, and the series of collapses of major commercial banks and investment brokers have led to a domino effect of pink slip closures and layoffs. With the bailout of major global insurance conglomerate AIG and the takeover of mortgage loan giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac by the spend-happy federal government using taxpayer money, significant numbers of shareholders and stakeholders have been financially wiped out in the process. Collapsing under the weight of bad mortgage debts and the loss of value in their subprime mortgage loans, major mortgage lenders like Countrywide and investment brokerage banks like Merrill Lynch and Lehman Brothers have had to engage in significant write offs and ultimately put themselves up for sale at bargain basement discounts.

With the FDIC shutdown of major thrifts and banks like IndyMac and Washington Mutual, as well as the shakeup at Wachovia, even historically secure commercial banks are starting to feel the credit crunch squeeze. With the recent bank safety scares hitting Wall Street and now Main Street, bank deposit customers have been sent reeling and scrambling to check FDIC insurance coverage limits – calling their banks to arrange their affairs for sufficient coverage. When FDIC insured bank consumers are feeling uncertain and fearful, you know the confidence of the American people in their banking and credit systems have been significantly shaken. Many people have been left unable to sleep soundly at night, as lingering concerns of bank safety and security have paralyzed the American economy and investment psyche. So what’s a savvy investor and account depositor to do in this brave new world of financial bailouts and bank closures?

To Survive The Credit Crunch, Financial Crisis, and Housing Market Collapse – Seek Out Security, Stay Optimistic, and Look For Opportunities

Without a doubt, the financial, stock, and housing markets remain volatile as the subprime mess has paralyzed lenders, halting the once liquid credit markets. However, whatever you do, it’s best to avoid the “irrational exuberance” (quoting former Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan’s catch phrase) and stay clear of the overly extreme sentiments of certain doom and gloom naysayers. Remember, the economy will survive and the financial system will be repaired in due time – have a little faith.

Take our current energy crisis and oil supply depletion situation for example. Yes, it’s true the world’s supply of crude oil is steadily dwindling and gas prices have skyrocketed recently – however this doesn’t mean the world is going to come to a screaming halt as supply of our beloved dinosaur juice runs low. Even now, the American and world governments are actively advocating and promoting the advancement of new alternative fuels and alternative power sources such as nuclear, clean coal technology, solar, wind, and all types of clean, green energy. Society is infinitely resilient in the long haul and will adapt to changing times and life will go on as usual. Whatever you do, don’t resort to taking up ridiculous survivalist activities such as building a bunker, withdrawing all of your money from banks, giving up credit card usage, or stocking up on food, guns, toilet paper, and supplies to ride out some silly apocalyptic fantasy future that you irrationally conjure up. Unless you are already doing so, there is no need to start making plans to live off the land, move onto homesteads, and start milking your own cows because you anticipate the need to defend your community from the hordes of starving crowds who did not prepare for the supposed eventuality. The world as we know it will not disappear, so discard those wacky conspiracy theories and economic Armageddon notions immediately. Don’t be a nut. Instead, starting planning for a brighter financial future today for yourself and your family by making smart banking and wealth investment decisions for the long haul. When this economic malaise blows over in a few years or even in a decade, your smart financial steps today will reap dividends in spades. It’s during tough economic times that counter-intuitive minded investors profit in the long run, and it’s how future millionaires get made.

Despite the current market sentiment, I strongly advocate long term investors to not overlook continued portfolio diversification opportunities in the stock market through mutual funds and indexes, and to not neglect true long term bargains in real estate and housing. The age old truism and expression in the world of investing is true – that the greater the risk, the greater the return. This mantra is also strongly tempered by another financial axiom of billionaire investor Warren Buffet and his views on the interplay between investment fear and greed – that the smart investor should seek to be fearful when others are greedy and greedy when others are fearful. It’s how savvy long term investors ultimately pay off in their steadfast investment decisions today. In fact, Warren Buffet, who has successfully made billions of dollars by taking advantage of opportunities during the worst of times, has been actively practicing what he preaches, buying up significant value minded investment positions in severely beat down companies like Wall Street investment giant Goldman Sachs for $5 billion and forking over $3 billion for positions in mega technology services provider General Electric. Of course, during these turbulent economic times and periods of extreme stock market volatility, it’s best not to be overly emotional or make hasty decisions based on short term swings. The world is filled with chicken littles and emotional lemmings so it’s all too easy too succumb to hysteria and Street panic. But those who want to survive this economic downturn and emerge from the recession and credit crisis in stronger financial positions than before must maintain their wits and stay focused for the long term, spreading their financial wealth around through diversified investments and continuing to seek out potential opportunities.

But there is a caveat for this long term sentiment. While I personally have 2-3 decades to go before I need to hatch my retirement nest egg, with plenty of time to build up long term investment positions, as well as continuous steady income coming in to continue dollar cost average investing and taking advantage of interest compounding, not everyone is in a similar position. For many millions of people, the money they have at this present time is all the significant amount of money they will ever have and at their age and current stage in life, they simply can’t afford to risk further loss. These types of individuals are focused on asset preservation rather than opportunistic investing and thus for these investors, they need investment security and deposit safety today. For some, it’s also the need to preserve their cash from loss due to the fact they are close to retirement, or saving up for a specific upcoming expense such as a down payment for a new home. Or perhaps they need to maintain a stash of cash to give them confidence and financial safety net courage to continue investing for the long term, while weathering financial emergencies.

For the asset preservation types who want to ensure their current deposits and investments are shielded from bank failures and investment loss, safety is the paramount concern when it comes to selecting the securest place to put their money. But for the conservative types, they also desire a certain degree of liquidity and convenient access to their money. But with the diminished risk of loss at safer places like bank savings and money market accounts comes substantially lower rates of return. Such deposit and investment sources as the ones listed below will offer you more security for your money, but they will not earn you a lot of interest, and oftentimes will just barely keep up with inflation. Keep that in mind as you evaluate your options and perform your due diligence. Furthermore, while being cautious and putting your money into safe and secure investments will preserve you from drops in the stock and financial markets, you run the very real risk of missing out on major market rebounds and valuable long term opportunities.

For those determined to ride out the volatile economic storm by seeking safety, the following options are the best choices when it comes to answering this question – “what is the safest investment for my money to avoid the risk of loss?”

List Of The Safest and Most Secure Places To Save and Invest Your Money During A Recession Or Economic Crisis:

1) Bank Savings and Checking Accounts – Of all the ideal places to store your money during the worst of times, other than in U.S. Treasuries, the best place is in a traditional bank account. While the rate of interest return on bank account deposits will never beat the long term rate of return on a properly diversified stock portfolio, depositing your cash in something like a high yield savings account is the easiest and most practical solution for those worried about the safety and security of their money. For those searching for the best high yield savings accounts offering the highest annual percentage yield (APY) interest rates, here are the best online savings banks out there (all of the following recommended high interest banks are fully FDIC insured, and all account deposits are protected under the FDIC insurance coverage limits):

1. FNBO Direct – 3.50% APY
2. WT Direct – 3.31% APY
   
3. E-Trade Savings – 3.30% APY
4. HSBC Direct – 3.25% APY
   
5. ING Direct – 3.00% APY

In terms of safety, reliability, and liquidity, putting your money in a bank account is the easiest and most straight forward savings option. Not only is your bank deposit earning interest, it’s FDIC insured and easily accessible. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is a federal government run enterprise that provides insurance coverage and protection for the deposit accounts of participating member banks, guaranteeing their insured accounts from unexpected loss. While FDIC insurance coverage limits vary depending on the number and type of account ownership categories you have at each bank, the rule of thumb to remember is that for each individual, the FDIC protects up to $100,000 in deposits at each banking institution for each ownership category. This means that at each FDIC member banking institution such as Citibank or Bank of America for example, each individual may be insured up to $100,000 for a single account and get additional coverage – like a separate $100,000 coverage limit for a joint account with his or her spouse. Furthermore, for retirement accounts like IRA’s, Roth’s, SEP’s, and Keogh’s held in a member bank in the form of a bank deposit (as opposed to something like a mutual fund), there is also an extra but separate $250,000 FDIC insurance coverage limit.

While skeptical investors and chicken little depositors might cite the recent failures of major commercial banks and thrifts like IndyMac and Washington Mutual as reasons to be wary of the safety of commercial banks, the reality is that in all of the recent bank failure scenarios, all of the FDIC insured deposit accounts that fell within the coverage limits were fully protected from loss. Even amidst the current mortgage crisis and credit crunch, the great majority of commercial banks are considered well capitalized. The possibility of a bank failure and the probability of a sudden FDIC takeover is extremely remote. However, even in the event that a bank does happen to fail, consumers would continue to enjoy uninterrupted and easy access to their FDIC insured bank money.

It is also interesting to note that since the FDIC was established three quarters of a century ago after the Great Depression, no banking customer has ever lost a single penny of their FDIC insured deposit at any failed bank. Your commercial bank may go out of business or suddenly be unable to continue operating as a viable banking institution, but Uncle Sam, bolstered by the virtually unlimited financial resources of the federal government will back up your money in full, up to the guaranteed FDIC insurance coverage limit. Even in the event that allotted FDIC funds become tapped out, the federal government can always authorize itself and the U.S. Mint to print emergency money. It is almost inconceivable to me to even fathom the possibility of the FDIC failing or the FDIC funds to somehow go bankrupt. Such a dire failure would probably require that the United States federal government suddenly cease to exist or be in such horrible shape that losing your checking or savings account deposit would probably be the least of your concerns. At that point of Armageddon, you’d probably be better off investing your remaining money in guns, canned food, and a nuclear fallout bunker. There is a reason why the whole world turns to the U.S. for economic, political, and militarial stability and guidance – we have the most powerful, tried and true system in the world. It’s not perfect, but it’s extremely resilient and will ultimately overcome struggles in the long run.

2) Laddered Bank CD’s – While putting your money in a high interest savings account is your best bet in terms of account safety and liquidity, those who seek a slightly higher APY rate of return may want to consider dabbling in bank certificate of deposits (CD’s). CD’s can be found and purchased through commercial banks and certain deposit brokers (view my list of the best online brokers), and along with regular bank deposits, are both considered very safe investments. Like checking and savings accounts, certificate of deposits are also insured up to $100,000. However, do keep in mind that for each individual customer at each banking institution, checkings, savings, and CD’s are lumped into a single FDIC insurance category for coverage purposes.

While CD’s tend to offer fixed interest rates that exceed that offered by checking and savings accounts, the catch is that unlike the variable interest earning bank deposits, your CD deposit is locked into a fixed interest rate at the time of investment. When purchased, the CD account has a set maturity date such that if withdrawn too early, the CD funds will incur an expensive penalty. When you buy a CD via your bank, you invest a fixed sum of money for a fixed period of time – anywhere from six months, one year, five years, or longer. In exchange for your agreement to keep the money invested and locked for the pre-arranged period of time, the issuing bank pays you a high interest rate, typically at regular intervals throughout the year. When you cash in or redeem your CD, you receive the money you originally invested plus any accumulated interest. But if you withdraw prematurely, an early withdrawal penalty may cause you to forfeit a chunk of your original investment.

While CD’s enjoy higher interest rates than traditional savings accounts, the potential hassle with CD’s is that once locked in, their rates of return have a potential to lag behind and become surpassed by variable high yield savings accounts if those interest rates rise. The best way to get around this problem is to ladder your CD investments by purchasing CD’s with staggered maturity dates. For example, for those buying CD’s for a period of just a year, one could purchase multiple CD’s, maturing at dates of 1 month, 3 months, 5 months, 7 months, and so forth, thus ensuring that you will always have money coming in and cash on hand at set intervals. CD ladders are a good idea for those wary about locking up their money for long periods of time, but you have to choose the lengths and maturity dates you’re comfortable with, otherwise you’ll toss and turn at night and stress about your lack of liquidity in case of a financial emergency.

3) U.S. Treasury Bills and Bonds – U.S. Treasury Bills, or T-Bills as they are often called, are extremely secure debt instruments issued by the U.S. federal government. They are mostly notably used by large institutional investors and individuals with substantial assets during times of economic crisis and societal instability when there is an instinctual flight to quality. However, I tend to stay away from these bond instruments and rarely invest in them. Their fixed rates of return are terrible and simply too low for my liking. While they offer rock solid protection backed by the full faith and credit of the federal government, the interest rate yields for U.S. Treasuries are often low and based on auction driven demand. Because Treasury rates of return are based on bidding demand that’s heavily influenced by societal factors, during times of economic crisis or political instability, rates of return on U.S. Treasury Bills and Bonds can plummet. During major economic depressions and recessions, U.S. Treasury yields can sometimes even go negative, that is, investors are willing to accept a small destruction of their investment to guarantee no larger destruction.

While U.S. Treasuries generally provide almost laughingly low rates of return on investment, they provide near iron clad safety and protection for your money. Treasury Bills are essentially “IOU” debt instruments issued by the United States federal government to any consumer, business, or institutional investor willing to buy them, and they are used to pay off the U.S. government’s own maturing debt paper and to pay off its own bills. By issuing short term U.S. Treasury Bills, mid term Treasury Bonds, and long term Treasury Notes to consumers, buyers essentially lend the government money in exchange for a fixed rate of return and a solid promise by the U.S. government that the debt investment will be repaid back in full upon maturity due date. Along with FDIC protected banking assets, the world also regards U.S. Treasuries as credit risk proof – the perfect place to store money for the extremely risk adverse.

U.S. Treasuries range in maturation from a few weeks for the short term T-Bills to as long as 30 years for the Treasury Notes. Of course, the longer the maturation date, the higher the fixed interest rate the U.S. debt instrument pays out, same as the case with ordinary bank CD’s. Same as with CD’s, for those who want to inject greater liquidity into their Treasury investments, they may want to consider laddering their Treasuries as well, by purchasing multiple U.S. Treasuries simultaneously offering different maturity dates. The recommended way is to purchase multiple Treasury bills and notes that will expire at regular set intervals and have them automatically rolled over into newly issued Treasuries for continuous interest earning effect, but still maintain a semblance of liquidity.

The simplest way to purchase U.S. Treasuries is to go through the federal government’s Treasury Direct website. There you can follow the instructions to open a new account for individual investors by providing your personal and financial information such as name, mailing address, Social Security Number, bank deposit account, and bank routing number. You can purchase as little as $100 worth of U.S. Treasury “IOU’s” (the current minimum investment) or you can purchase millions of dollars worth. While there is a competitive bidding process of yield prices, most ordinary non-expert individual investors can opt for the non competitive process and simply agree to the current spot offering rate. As such, the service is probably more beneficial to extremely wealthy investors unable to find full protection under the FDIC limits and needing to preserve their millions of dollars in extremely safe lock box type of accounts. There is currently no limit to the amount of U.S. Treasuries that may be purchased and interest income derived are exempt from state and local taxes.

4) Money Market Funds – Money market funds are conservative mutual funds that invest in short term, stable debt instruments, high quality securities, and other forms of top rated short term commercial paper that can be easily sold, making the likelihood of any loss of principal extremely rare. Unlike traditional mutual funds and index funds, asset preservation minded money market mutual funds do not invest in stocks, which while lends itself to greater stability, also results in a much lower rate of return compared to their growth oriented counterparts. While most mutual funds, particularly those that invest in riskier stocks and investments are not all that safe and secure from investment loss as they ebb and flow with the economic cycle and the plight of underlying corporations, money market mutual funds tend to substantially more stable.

However, while money market mutual funds have been traditionally regarded as solid and reliable investments, they are not without a tinge of risk, depending on the composition of the money market fund’s portfolio. While the great majority of these funds have never lost money or failed, recent money market fund events in the news have sent a chill through the financial world. Recently, the Reserve Primary Fund, a giant money market mutual fund, announced its investors would lose money. Instead of each money market fund share being worth the customary $1, each would now be worth 97 cents, essentially “breaking the buck” in the process, forcing investors to eat a 3% loss. The loss was triggered by the fund’s purchase of debt securities issued by Lehman Brothers with a face value of $785 million that ultimately became worthless, as Lehman Brothers ultimately spiraled into bankruptcy and ended up on the chopping block for sale due to failed investments in subprime mortgages.

The moral of the story in terms of flight to quality is to seek out high yield bank accounts and U.S. Treasuries for safety first before seeking out money market funds. While money market funds are significantly more secure than stock based mutual funds and are generally still considered decently safe places to invest your money, in today’s dangerous and ever shifting credit markets, they simply do not offer the same 100% protection as that offered by savings accounts, CD’s, and U.S. Treasuries.

5) Gold Investments – This is most definitely not a recommendation but rather the raising of another interesting alternative way to hedge against economic risk, inflation, and the weakening dollar. I hesitated to even mention gold and such hedged investments against risk, but everytime the economic and credit markets head south, the subject of buying and investing in gold always comes up. Gold, silver, and other valuable commodities are tangible material investments that always skyrocket in value during difficult economic times. When there is political and social instability due to frozen credit markets or news of terrorist attacks that shake up the financial system, the housing market, or the stock market, the value of commodities not tied to a variable money system but that is instead linked to underlying rarity based on exchange driven supply and demand goes up.

But remember, buyers beware – one thing to keep in mind is that gold is just like any other investment – it’s still a bet against economic times and prices do fluctuate with great volatility. Like with any other educated bet, your gamble may pay off big or backfire significantly. While prices of gold are almost certain to remain high as the economy flirts with a full blown economic recession and the financial markets continue to flounder, prices of gold have the potential to decline significantly should there be signs of an economic recovery. Thus for the conservative investor who is seeking a flight to quality in his or her investments with pure asset preservation in mind during times of economic instability, I would recommend treading with great caution when it comes to investing in gold. Unless you have experience with gold investments, stick with Treasuries, high yield bank accounts, and CD’s instead.

We live in an extremely politically correct country these days, which means anyone who even mentions anything negative about someone different (like negatively pointing out a foreign accent), or criticizes someone for their inability to speak the language properly, he or she is immediately labeled as prejudiced, racist, or somehow inciting hateful views. I’m truly none of those things, but I feel a personal finance blog platform is as good as any to express my own personal views about my own experiences on the matter. While I was born overseas, I came to the U.S. when I was only 2-3 years old, so I’ve pretty much grown up as an American and learned to identify strongly with the crux of American culture and its values. While a key component of American culture is the ability to embrace diversity and appreciate differences between different types of people, both foreign and domestic, there are some circumstances when I greatly prefer the services of a fellow American.

This preferential situation comes up whenever I call a live customer service help line. When I pick up the phone and make that affirmative decision to seek help via a toll free telephone number, my reasonable expectation is that I will reach someone who can communicate with me in an intelligible way, and help me resolve my consumer business problem quickly and efficiently, so that I can go along my merry way. It’s bad enough that I often have to spend 30 minutes or more waiting on hold before I can talk to a live technical support representative, but these days, it seems when I finally reach that live person, he or she turns out to be completely unable to communicate with me using comprehensible and discernible English.

I Can Deal With Difficult To Understand Accents In Real Life (By Using Hand Gestures), But When The Situations Happen Over The Phone, The Conversations Can Get Comically Tedious

I am terrible when it comes to understanding different accents. Even British English accents trip me up on occasion – but at least it is somewhat closer to American English in terms of speech and pronunciation, albeit a bit more deliberately pronounced I suppose. While I can understand the different types of American English accents such as a southern, Boston, and even accents that distinguish different races and ethnic groups prominent in this country, I still have frequent difficulty understanding the cultural nuances and accents that aren’t considered mainstream American English. This difficulty in understanding foreign accents is most pronounced and debilitating when it comes to conversations over the phone with someone from another land, especially when I find my phone call re-routed to some outsourced call center located overseas and wind up with a customer service rep who speaks with a thick accent that I simply cannot understand despite my best efforts.

While in a real life conversation and business work setting, heavy accents aren’t as significant a detriment as there are other methods of communication such as using writing and through natural hand gestures to punctuate one’s point, in the world of customer service telephone calls, this type of linguistic verbal diversity is a significant detriment and handicap. When it comes to customer and technical support help lines, communication and speed are two important elements to a quick and satisfactory resolution of the problem at hand. There are plenty of jobs where having a perfect American English accent is not crucial and one can get away with not having otherwise perfect American English, but a position as a customer service call representative that caters to Americans is not one of them. The job absolutely demands that the agent be able to communicate with the language of the target country. Is that really too much to ask? Oftentimes in such scenarios, time and patience are limited luxuries. In such situations, having a thick accent is a very undesired handicap to have, particularly when the issue needs to get resolved quickly over the phone in a short period of time without the benefit of time to get to know each other. This is the biggest problem many customers such as myself are having with companies that continue to outsource their customer service call center jobs overseas to English speaking, but heavily accented countries like India.

Facing An Indian Customer Service Representative With An Incredibly Thick Accent Is Like Talking To A Brick Wall – Nothing Gets Through, and Time Is Wasted

When American call center customer service jobs are outsourced to other countries, I think it’s reasonable to expect the call agents that will be handling the calls to be trained to speak in proper America English. However that is not always the case. Especially when it comes to Indian call centers, the accent is often an interesting mish mash of British English, local Indian dialect, and butchered American English. What often comes out is an unintelligible murmur, resulting in humorous and frequently embarrassing exchanges between the rep and the customer.

A few years ago, I bought a Linksys wireless Internet router, but had major trouble setting up my wireless connection. I kept losing my wireless internet signal and so I embarked on a customer service phone call quest to solve the problem. I dialed the company’s 1-800 number and was promptly connected to an agent. Little did I know, but my call from Maryland, USA was instantly routed thousands of miles across the planet to a different time zone to a call center in India. Immediately when I heard the agent’s accent, I knew it was going to be a long day. It started as soon as my phone rep introduced herself with a thick Indian accented “Hello”…followed by a …”my name is Mary”, a presumably English name moniker chosen by the Indian customer service rep for the convenience sake of their mostly American clientele instead of compelling them to remember a more difficult Indian name. For the next 60 minutes, I struggled valiantly to understand her words and sentences. I tried to remain polite and understanding, but I kept asking her to please repeat herself, much to my continued embarrassment. Every sentence on her part would be followed by a “What?” on my end, or would be followed by a momentary pause as I scratched my head and tried to figure out what she was trying to tell me.

After a while, I could tell she was getting fed up with having to repeat herself after every instruction, but then what was I supposed to do? I desperately tried to understand, and I really did try – but it was a constant guessing game on my end. I simply could not comprehend the Indian customer service representative’s thick Indian English accent. At the end, I got little accomplished because she and I were simply unable to communicate. I found myself spending more than an hour repeating her own words back in my vain attempt to make some linguistic sense. Eventually I had to give up and seek help from another customer service rep. The next rep’s Indian accent was just as thick and I ultimately had to call back several times before I finally found an agent who’s accent was more bearable. But the experience left me with a very negative view of the company and their irresponsible cost cutting efforts to send customer service jobs overseas when the work could be better handled here.

American Companies Who Cater To American Consumers Should Seriously Re-Consider Their Indian Outsourcing Strategy Or Face Consumer Backlash In The Long Run

This is a serious problem that many major American companies who choose to outsource their call center jobs to low cost foreign countries will ultimately have to face. Customers such as myself may eventually take our customer service frustration out on the company and defect to one of their competitors. Based on some news reports I’ve read, many companies that have attempted to outsource their customer service functions abroad have not realized the cost savings they expected, discovering that there are hidden costs that far outweighed the potential savings in labor expenses. Oftentimes, due to significant customer complaints about difficult to understand customer service representative accents and great differences in culture, companies have had to expend significant amounts of additional money to train the agents on proper American English and terminology. Ultimately some of these outsourcers have brought those type of jobs back in-house and back into the country.

Faced with backlash from customers like myself who have great difficulty understanding heavily accented Indian English, some companies are actually taking the next logical alternative step by shipping the work over to other moderately English speaking countries, like the Philippines. As a former U.S. controlled territory, the Philippines at least offers a more Americanized work force with a better understanding of American culture that can potentially offer employees with lighter accents. There will still be an annoying accent to deal with, but at least the twang, so to speak, will be significantly less painful to understand than that spoken in India.

There are currently also signs that the trend toward outsourcing call center jobs to low-wage countries like India or even the Philippines may be slowing down. Research shows that some call centers are most effective when staffed by Americans and there is at least some growing attempt to keep jobs here. I’ve noticed that many companies are now trying to keep the bulk of their daytime customer service call center jobs in the United States where the calls can be handled by American English speaking agents. For customer service lines that provide 24 hour coverage and take on evening calls however, some still get routed overseas to places like India, but many daytime calls are now being mercifully handled by call centers in the U.S. At least that’s what I noticed recently when I called my cable internet provider’s help line several times recently. When I called during normal daytime office hours, I got a service rep that spoke perfect English, but at night, I basically played the ole accent guessing game, doubling and even tripling the length of time spent trying to resolve my problem.

For those of you out there who are embarrassed to admit but also have difficulty understanding accents, I recommend making your 1-800 customer service and technical support phone calls during the day. Sure that means using up your precious anytime wireless phone minutes, but you stand a much better chance of reaching someone in this country than if you called after hours.