Money Blue Book

As the American and world economies endure a period of economic recession, the once stable and thriving marketplace can seem like a distant memory. Not only does it seem like unemployment warning flags and disappointing corporate earning reports lurk around every corner, it’s all too easy to succumb to the financial despair. When you combine the mortgage market meltdown with increasing housing foreclosures, and you mix that with high gas prices, fears of another major Islamic terrorist attack, and snowballed consumer pessimism, you have a spicy cocktail for widespread financial depression. While I’m not a financial fortune teller, nor am I a guru who can predict when the recession or lingering credit crisis will pass, all I can do is reassure you of areas in your life where you ought not to be overly distraught or paranoid about.

One segment in the economy that has spawned a huge surge of concern and irrational panic is the area of bank failures and bank bankruptcies. Because of the excessive subprime lending to consumers totally unqualified to receive home mortgages made by irresponsible mortgage lenders in the past few years, the economy is now reaping the terrible financial whirlwind result of defaulting loans and home foreclosures. This calamity is currently happening on a massive scale as huge banking giants like Citibank and Bank of America, as well as major thrift saving institutions like Washington Mutual are getting pummeled for their ties to bad mortgage loans. Unable to recoup their housing mortgage investments, many of these financial service providers are having to write off billions of dollars of unrecoverable bad loans, triggering serious questions by creditors, deposit account holders, and shareholders of their ability to continue as viable going concerns.

Bank Failures Have A Way Of Sparking Emotional Panic, Regardless Of The Government Effort’s To Alleviate Fears

While most major banks have healthier segments of their financial businesses to siphon assets and capital from, thereby allowing them to stay afloat, a few have not been so lucky. Netbank, an online banking institution that was one of the first early adopters during the initial Internet banking craze, ultimately keeled over due to the disintegration of its mortgage business segment. When its asset position could no longer meet depositor demand, federal regulators swooped in to shut it down, forcing Netbank to ultimately file for bankruptcy.

Banking and mortgage services giant Countrywide Financial recently faltered under the crushing weight of bad mortgages as well, and was ultimately acquired by Bank of America at an extremely huge discount, saving it from near collapse.

Most recently, IndyMac Bank fell flat on its face, triggering shock waves that signified the United States’ second largest banking collapse in history. Due to the sheer financial size of IndyMac bank, and the large scale and huge number of account customers the banking collapse affected, the news triggered panic attacks and resulted in reports of huge lines of desperate customers clamoring to get their deposit money out of the bank out of fear of the unknown. Despite the federal government’s announcement that the vast majority of deposit holders would not lose a single cent of their money, news of catastrophic bank failures have a way of making consumers go crazy and act in irrationally frenzied ways. As someone who considers himself relatively educated about the subject of finance, even I have to admit I was disturbed by the sheer magnitude of the Indy Mac bank collapse. After all, if IndyMac could fall, who else could potentially be next? I felt a slight tinge of emotional panic despite my otherwise logical and rational mental faculties - and I wasn’t even an IndyMac banking or home mortgage customer. But yet, I still felt the reactive emotional ripples that made me question my faith and trust in my bank and the economy at large. While bank failures are incredibly rare, they do happen - especially when there is a significant and pervasive trigger (the subprime mortgage meltdown) that is causing the financially destructive domino effect.

Thus, that is why it is extremely important for us, as cool headed consumers, to greatly educate ourselves on the types of financial and banking protections the system has in place to shield the money we save up in banks, savings and loans, and credit unions from loss. By learning more about how the federal government, the FDIC, and private bank risk sharing agreements protect our deposits, the more our fears will diminish, thus helping to solidify our faith in our banking institutions. We live in an efficient market where there are powerful protective systems in place, and proper financial education will help to reinforce that confidence. Thus sometimes, “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself - a nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance” (a powerful quote made by former U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression).

How Does FDIC Insurance Keep Our Bank Accounts and Deposit Money Safe?

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is a federal government run entity that provides deposit insurance protection for participating member banks - guaranteeing their deposit accounts from loss. The FDIC system was set up to instill consumer confidence in our nation’s banking system during a time of severe economic recession and financial turmoil. To prevent massive runs on banks triggered by irrational consumer panic to withdraw money during times of crisis, the United States government set up the FDIC to guarantee depositors at insured banks that their money would always be safe, even during the worst of times.

As a general rule of thumb, the current FDIC insured amount per depositor at each bank is $100,000 (with extra exceptions for different ownership categories). This blanket protection insures member bank accounts from bank failure loss, up to the maximum insured amount of $100,000. The FDIC protection covers a variety of bank deposits, including - checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, certificate of deposits (CD’s), and even bank money orders and cashier’s checks. However, the FDIC protection does not cover non bank deposit type accounts and assets like - stocks, bonds, mutual fund investments, variable or fixed annuities, U.S. Treasury securities, or contents stored in safe deposit boxes. As FDIC insurance only covers bank failure loss, it also does not provide protection against bank fire, fraud, or theft, although in the overwhelming majority of cases, individual banks usually have their own private hazard and casualty insurance coverage against these other types of loss.

The FDIC also provides loss protection for retirement accounts held in member banks in the form of deposits. The FDIC limit for retirement accounts, which includes self directed plans like Roth IRA’s, Traditional IRA’s, SEP’s, and Keogh’s, currently stands at - $250,000. The higher FDIC limit for retirement accounts is a clear recognition by the FDIC of the importance of ensuring that consumers always have their retirement nest eggs to fall back on.

How Does The Federal Government and The FDIC Monitor The Banking Industry?

While by no means a perfect system, the banking industry is highly regulated by the federal government and watched by multiple federal agencies - including the Federal Reserve, the U.S. Treasury’s Office of the Comptroller of Currency, the FDIC, and the Office of Thrift Supervision. Along with state banking regulators, there are multiple sets of eyes at all time on the state of the banking market. While bank failures are incredibly rare, they do happen on occasion unfortunately.

In such an occurrence, as soon as the federal and state regulators determine that a bank no longer has the capacity to meet depositor demands and sustain sufficient capital due to insolvency problems, the FDIC barges in to take command. Once it takes control, the execution is usually fairly rapid as the FDIC is highly motivated to ensure a seamless transition. Until the FDIC can find a suitable buyer of the failing bank’s assets, the bank generally continues to run as usual without significant interruption. In the rare event the FDIC cannot find a suitable buyer, it closes down the ailing bank and sends out checks to all account holders within the FDIC insurance limits along with interest. Usually the FDIC payments are sent out in a matter of days.

For Those Banking Customers With $100,000 Or Less In Total Bank Deposits, Your Money Is Fully Covered By The FDIC

If you are a young student or a person with relatively low income with little in the way of financial or banking assets, you probably won’t have to worry too much about losing your money in the event of a bank failure. If your total bank deposits are less than $100,000, you can rest assured that the full faith and credit of the United States government has your back. The ones that have to be more vigilant in how they structure their checking and savings account deposits are those with more than $100,000 in total deposits. Those with more than $100,000 in deposits will need to pay greater attention to how they break up and consolidate their money among FDIC insured banks to ensure maximum FDIC protection against loss.

For Those With More Than $100,000, You’ll Need To Pay Attention To How The FDIC Provides Separate Coverage For Different Ownership Categories At Any One Bank

While I personally don’t have more than $100,000 in total bank deposits that require me to even worry about this problem (yet!), it’s something I want to know more about because I know one day I will reach that goal (why dream if you can’t dream big). It’s better to know how to structure your bank deposit portfolio now and plan for that occasion, than not know what to do when you reach that point someday in the not too distant future.

While the FDIC insurance program protects individual bank depositors up to a maximum of $100,000 per bank, there are clever ways and not-so-secret methods to get you around this protection limit. The primary way to accomplish this is through deposit account diversification. By splitting your total deposits into multiple ownership category accounts or splitting your assets among different FDIC insured banks, you can ensure full protection of your money. Remember, bank deposit accounts at different banks are insured separately (although all bank branches are considered part of the same bank). Thus, each bank has its own complete set of FDIC coverage limits.

At any one bank, the FDIC offers each category of ownership account its own individual coverage cap. There are different types of ownership categories, each with its own $100,000 FDIC insurance limit. You can go straight to the official source if you want to know more about the FDIC’s policy on ownership categories, but the more common ownership categories are listed here. Remember, each ownership category (single account, joint accounts, etc) gets its own $100,000 FDIC coverage limit:

• Single Accounts - Most consumer bank accounts fall into this category, which covers checking, savings, and CD’s. Basically, if your bank account is in your name only, its ownership category is probably that of a single account. Single accounts also include sole proprietorship business accounts you may own at the same bank (DBA, “Doing Business As” type businesses). All personal and sole proprietorship business deposit accounts at the same bank are added together as single accounts and insured up to the combined maximum FDIC limit of $100,000.
• Joint Accounts - Joint accounts are simply bank deposit accounts that are owned by two people or more at the same bank. While most joint accounts are held by married couples, joint account owners don’t necessarily need to be married. For example, while I have my own individual bank account at a local Chevy Chase Bank, my mom and I also jointly hold a separate shared deposit account at the same bank. Individuals can have multiple joint accounts at the same bank, each with joint ownership involving different people, but when it comes to calculating the total FDIC limit for the joint account category, all proportional shares that each individual owner owns in all joint bank accounts at any one bank are added together and insured up to $100,000 for each individual. Thus, while a joint deposit account for a married couple may appear to enjoy a higher $200,000 FDIC limit, it’s actually made up of two separately capped $100,000 limits - one for the wife, and one for the husband.
• Trust Accounts - Both revocable and irrevocable trusts get their own FDIC insurance limits of $100,000. By listing others as beneficiaries, one can strategically use trust deposit accounts to get around the usual FDIC individual caps. For example, both a husband and wife can set up 2 separate revocable trusts in each other’s names to get an extra total $200,000 FDIC limit on top of their other single and joint account limits.
• Business Accounts - I’m sure business owners feel the FDIC insurance deposit limit for business accounts are currently much too low, but as it currently stands, bank deposit account funds held by corporations, limited liability companies (LLC’s), and partnerships at any one bank are combined and insured up to a maximum FDIC limit of only $100,000 (much too low in my opinion). Keep in mind, sole proprietorship business accounts are lumped in with single accounts.
• Retirement Accounts - Self directed retirement accounts where the account holder gets to decide what to do with his or her money, are offered much higher insurance limits under the FDIC - at $250,000. This particular ownership category includes the following retirement plans - individual retirement accounts (IRA’s), Roth IRA’s, Simplified Employee Pension Accounts, and Keogh Plan accounts. All retirement account deposits held by an individual at a single bank are added together and insured up to a maximum FDIC limit of $250,000. However, keep in mind, retirement account assets invested in stocks, bonds, and mutual funds are not FDIC insured as you’re actually investing through a broker with a working relationship with your bank. The FDIC coverage only protects retirement bank deposits, not investments.

Those With More Than $100,000 In Bank Assets Should Shift Bank Deposit Money Into Joint Accounts To Maximize FDIC Coverage

Because the FDIC provides $100,000 total protection limits for each ownership category, including $250,000 for self directed retirement accounts at the same bank, consumers may be able to greatly increase their total overall financial protection by splitting their money among different types of ownership accounts at the same bank. For example, if you have an individual savings account with total deposits valued at $275,000, you need to be extra careful about bank failure. In the event your bank fails or is suddenly unable to meet depositor demands, you stand to potentially lose $175,000 because only $100,000 worth of assets in the single account category are covered. The solution is not to open up multiple bank accounts like checking accounts or CD’s as they are all of the same ownership category and doing so won’t increase your overall FDIC limit. The best way to diversity and boost your FDIC limit is to spread your deposit among different ownership categories or among different banks. In the case of the hypothetical individual $275,000 savings account, it would be advisable to take at least $175,000 from that savings account and shift it into a joint account with your spouse, thereby sheltering the $175,000 under the $200,000 total joint account FDIC limit. You might even want to make sure you give each deposit account extra room under the FDIC cap to allow interest to accrue, but still remain fully protected.

To reiterate the point about ownership categories, let’s say you went to Washington Mutual and opened up a brick and mortar checking account, an online high interest savings account, and set up a few CD’s - your total coverage limit will still only be $100,000. However, if you opened a joint account with you and your wife or husband, while opening up your own individual checking account at the same time, you will be able to receive $100,000 coverage limit for the checking account, and another separate $200,000 total marital pool coverage limit for the joint account.

Business Accounts Are Covered By FDIC Insurance, But Depending On Type Of Business Entity, They May Or May Not Boost Your Overall Coverage

Depending on business type, a business bank deposit account may or may not enjoy its own separate $100,000 FDIC limit apart from the individual’s cap for single accounts. Because a sole proprietorship and the individual running it are regarded as one and the same for taxation and legal purposes, the FDIC treats sole proprietorships as single accounts for assessing the extent of FDIC coverage. Thus, opening a sole proprietorship business at the same bank as your consumer checking or savings account will not allow you to gain extra coverage.

Only partnerships, limited liability companies (LLC’s), and corporations are able to qualify as separate ownership categories for additional FDIC insurance coverage. Because the FDIC regards certain business entities as separate ownership categories for FDIC insurance purposes, it is not uncommon for clever but sneaky business types to express interest at creating phantom, dummy businesses for the sole purpose of inflating FDIC limits. However, FDIC regulations expressly forbid this practice and stipulate that business accounts for partnerships, corporations, and other unincorporated associations need to be engaged in an “independent activity” such that the business is not engaged primarily in boosting FDIC insurance coverage.

Further Bank Account Diversification Strategies Using Multiple Banks To Increase FDIC Coverage

Because FDIC insurance coverage is offered for not only different account ownership categories, but also for different banking institutions, the recommendation by some pundits for high networth individuals is to spread one’s assets among a multitude of banks. Because each bank offers its own set of bank failure protection limits by the FDIC, savvy account holders are often advised to sacrifice some of their deposits made at just a handful of high yielding banks for greater diversity by spreading it among a greater number of deposit institutions. Let’s say you have $300,000 in a high yield savings account at HSBC Direct that you want to fully protect under the FDIC. If setting up joint accounts to boost FDIC coverage is not available to you as a viable option, you could instead open up accounts at say, Bank of America and Wachovia, shifting $100,000 into each of those two new savings accounts. Thus, your total $300,000 portfolio would now enjoy separate $100,000 FDIC coverages at three different banks. As I mentioned above, in such an event, you may actually want to consider breaking up the $300,000 into four total banks instead of just three to give yourself room to grow in interest and stay fully protected.

One alternative way to shift your banking assets among different banks without actually having to run around the neighborhood or Internet looking for new banks is to participate in a Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (CDARS). Banks that are members of the CDARS network do the leg work for you by breaking up CD deposits into smaller size chunks that are separately held at different participating network banks. However, your funds continue to enjoy a single point of access at your primary bank with one statement and one interest rate. The practice is rapidly growing in popularity and I highly recommend it as a wonderful and hassle free way to diversify your banking holdings for maximum FDIC protection. Here’s a list of banks that participate in the CDARS network. One downside of using a CDARS bank is that they tend to be smaller, regional size community banks. Some people like smaller community banks, the type of place where everybody knows your name. However, I highly prefer mega-corporate size banks as they tend to resonate more stability and are better capitalized in my opinion. There are only a tiny handful of large institutional banks participating in the CDARS network at this time. Furthermore, because of the CDARS network fees that banks pay for each CDARS transaction (there is no fee to the customer), CDARS deposit account interest rates tend to be lower than that offered by more competitive non-CDARS banks.

However, if I had financial assets in the neighborhood of millions of dollars and account diversification was on my mind, it is unlikely I would be spending my time worrying about FDIC insurance limits. I would probably have the bulk of my money either invested in mutual funds, index funds, money market funds, or other broadly diversified investments that have never been known to actually fail. Frankly, I don’t even think broadly diversified investment assets could ever technically fail - in the worst case scenario, they would simply gradually lose their stock value over time. Buying super secure assets like U.S. Treasury Bills and Treasury Bonds would be viable alternatives for high net worth individuals as well. While U.S. Treasury products are not FDIC insured, they are fully backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government. The federal government could simply print more money if financial Armageddon necessitated that course of action.

I consider myself one of many rate chasers out there - savvy savers who hunt for the best annual percentage yield (APY) interest rates at banks and credit unions, and who are keen on quickly moving large sums of money from one account to another in pursuit of that financial ideal. High yield interest rate chasers seek out the highest available interest rate offerings possible, whether available at popular brick and mortar branches or whether available only through obscure online banks. We keep tabs on them all regularly and shift our bank balances around in pursuit of that elusive, but perfect high yield savings account. Rather than be content with letting our savings accounts sit idle, earning stable, yet passive interest growth, rate chasers such as myself prefer to actively manage our bank accounts to maximize interest earnings. Interest rates periodically change, thus so should we. Currently, I use my compiled list of the Best High Yield Savings Accounts to actively keep tabs on bank rate updates and changes.

High Yield Savings Accounts Offer Not Only Liquidity, But Rock Solid Financial Security and Reliable Growth As Well

While I have a diversified investment portfolio made up of high performing stocks, bonds, exchange traded funds, and mutual funds, I still try to put a sizable amount of what I own in cash form, invested in stable interest bearing savings accounts. The type of money I put in a savings account is money I can’t afford to risk or jeopardize, and the type of funds that I may need to call upon to weather difficult financial times or unexpected financial emergencies. While I personally use credit cards for emergency fund purposes at least in the short term, stable savings account funds make up the bulk of my long term emergency money strategy. I try to keep at least 6 months worth of liquid assets on hand at all times - money that can be quickly converted into usable cash to pay current bills and liabilities on a moment’s notice. You never know what type of sudden unemployment, cash flow, car trouble, or health problems might befall you that might necessitate the need to call upon such an emergency influx of readily available funds. I choose to invest my emergency fund money into savings and money market accounts because they not only provide a modest degree of interest growth that usually outpaces or at least keeps up with inflation, the invested funds are liquid and extremely well protected from loss. I plan to work certificate of deposits (CD’s) into my emergency fund planning approach in the future, but wish to save up more in my savings before dabbling with higher yielding, but less liquid assets like CD’s.

Some people call rate chasers - day traders of the banking world, but I think that’s a terrible analogy. Unlike day traders who trade on short term, violent swings in the stock market, we do not take actions that could even remotely be construed as gambling or high risk stakes. Interest rate chasers tend to be risk adverse, and are almost always play-it-safe type investors and emergency fund builders who seek safety and pursue predictable rates of return, rather than high flying, speculative investments.

Besides, bank accounts, whether checking, savings, or money market accounts are one of the most stable, reliable, and dependent sources of asset preservation. While most traditional banking institutions do not provide investment assets that will make one rich as their rates of return are generally lower than that offered by other investment options such as stocks, bonds, options, or foreign currency exchange, they do provide a very stable and predictable rate of return. Insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), the potential risk of loss of assets stored in a banking account is virtually nil. The FDIC, an independent agency of the United States government utilizes the full faith and credit of the federal government to protect the assets of all insured banks. Most major savings and banking associations are FDIC insured, and as such most traditional accounts offered by the insured bank, including checking, savings, money market accounts, CD’s, and even IRA retirement accounts are protected from loss. Even if the bank fails, goes bankrupt, goes out of business, gets robbed, burns down, or succumbs to some market catastrophe like the mortgage meltdown or credit crisis, the money stored in a FDIC insured high yield savings account remains 100% safe, up to the coverage amount. For savings accounts, the legal coverage limit is $100,000. If you own substantial assets that exceed this basic coverage limit and want to be 100% safe, you may want to consider spreading your assets among difference asset categories or banks.

Register With The Top High Yield Savings Accounts And Manage Your Fund Transfers As Interest Rates Periodically Fluctuate

There are certain basic steps savvy rate chasers and high yield online bank arbitrage seekers (as I like to them sometimes) take to properly manage their pursuit of high interest savings rates:

1) Open High Yield Accounts With Online Banks That Consistently Offer the Highest APY Interest Rates For Savings Accounts

I currently own several savings and money market accounts with the top online banks that have consistently offered the best APY interest rates. Personally, I avoid savings accounts from major brick and mortar retail banks like Wachovia, Wells Fargo, Bank of America, or even Citibank, since most rarely offer attractive interest rates as they don’t need to offer them to attract customers. Most of these big retail banks rely on convenience and physical location presence to attract clientele. On the other hand, online banking sites, blessed with lower operational and maintenance costs, are highly motivated and more willing to offer competitive interest rates for account holders.

Most of my recently opened high yield savings accounts are with generally well known online banking institution favorites like HSBC Direct, Countrywide’s Savings, Washington Mutual, WT Direct, E-trade Savings Bank, and Capital One Direct Savings. Oldies but goodies like ING Direct Savings (get an ING Direct Sign Up Bonus), and Emigrant Direct still remain alive and well as members of my complete savings account tracking roster. While the actual order in the interest rate sliding scale changes periodically, the mentioned banks tend to offer consistently high rates. After opening accounts, it’s simply a matter of tracking APY changes and shifting funds around accordingly.

It’s important as a rate chaser to have target bank accounts ready for quick transfers as interest rates change. Back in the old caveman days before the advent of the Internet, opening new savings accounts was cumbersome and limited to local brick and mortar branches, and phone banking was a pain. With the emergence of the Internet and the development of fully functional online banking websites, online funds can now be shifted around instantly with a few strategic key strokes. To manage your online accounts and prep them for transfers, all you have to do is register for online account access and set up linked ACH electronic access. To set up ACH transfer permissions, you’ll be required to submit information about the bank account that you want to link up - including the bank account number and the banking institution’s ABA routing number (you can ask your bank for this information). Frequently the online system will initiate two small denominational test deposits into your linked bank account, the amounts which you’ll have to verify to confirm that you are the actual owner.

2) Be Watchful Of New Bank Account Credit Report Check Penalties, and Electronic Bank Transfer Limits

If you’re like me, you try to maximize your money whenever possible. In my case, so long as the resulting effects don’t put myself in a potentially worse off financial position and the necessary actions to get me there aren’t too prohibitive, I try to go for the gold whenever possible. For those looking to open multiple bank accounts, one thing to keep in mind is the health of your credit score. When a new savings or money market account is opened, some banks initiate a hard credit check. The resulting hard credit pull, as it is sometimes called, may result in a small credit score hit in the nature of a request by one seeking credit. Not all banks initiate a hard credit pull that will ding your precious FICO score for new savings account applications, but some do. Examples of online bank account applications that result in harmless soft credit pulls include - Capital One Direct Savings, Countrywide, Emigrant Direct, E-Trade Savings, FNBO, HSBC Savings, ING Direct savings, and Washington Mutual.

Another thing rate chasers have to watch out for as well is the federal savings account limit of 6 ACH transfers a month. However, unless you are shifting your savings around every few days, the 6 ACH transfer limit per account should not be too much of a limitation or restrictive hassle. Be mindful that the transfer limitation also applies to money market deposit accounts as well. For most comparative factors, savings and money market accounts have little differences except money markets usually provide slightly higher interest rates and sometimes offer check writing privileges. However, money markets usually have higher tiered minimum balance requirements, although that is not always the case.

3) Manage Your Portfolio Of Multiple Savings Accounts By Using An Account Aggregation Service

To keep an eagle eye on your bank balances and army of savings accounts, I recommend using an account aggregation service like Yodlee, or Mint. Yodlee in particular offers its banking account consolidation service through other financial providers as well, such as Bank of America. In my case, I utilize Yodlee through Fidelity’s Full View access, which allows me to link up all of my high yield savings accounts and money markets to Fidelity Investments, storing my account passwords securely so that I can easily view my regularly updated account balances from one location. To make actual transfers however, you’ll have to log into the desired bank account directly.

4) Periodically and Regularly Shift Your Bank Balances Around As Major Interest Rate Changes Are Issued By the Federal Reserve

One thing to note is that I’m not a rabid or fanatic rate chaser. While some hardcore rate chasers shift their money around as soon as interest rate offerings change the slightest, I prefer to my make shift once or twice a month at the very most - call me a mild rate chaser if you wish. Usually I only shift my balances around in pursuit of higher APY rates every two or three months on average. Thus I don’t go hog wild over every slightest budge in APY, although there are lots of super online rate chasers who do though. Just look at those crazies who post on Fatwallet forums - they go nuts over a single .01% change.

Frequently, I fashion my fund transfers from one savings account to another around major interest rate moves by the Federal Reserve when I know major changes are coming my way. Upcoming federal reserve meeting dates on the calendar greatly interest me because decisions by the Federal Reserve frequently have a correlative effect across the board on the interest rate offerings by major banks. Rate cuts by the Fed usually signal subsequent APY interest rate drops by banks in a matter of days. Similarly, raises in the Fed Funds rate usually signal potential banking interest rate increases. Thus I usually try to make my electronic fund transfers as major rate changes are made across the board in response to Fed interest rate moves. Usually there is a lag time of about 1-2 weeks before banks at large fully and collectively respond to Fed announcements. Keep that in mind as well, lest you shift or chase that higher APY interest offering prematurely.

Countrywide Bank is currently offering the Countrywide Rewards Platinum Visa Card for a remarkable 2% cash back on all purchases. Very few other credit card offers come close - except maybe the similarly advertised 1.5% cash back Fidelity Visa Signature Card. Most other top value cash back credit cards restrict higher rebates to special purchase categories such as grocery stores, gas stations, and restaurants. This card’s one of the best non-restrictive purchase cards out there.

The only caveat is that to get the high 2% cash back rebate, you’ll need to redeem your rebate points as a deposit to your Countrywide savings account, money market account, or as a payment towards a Countrywide mortgage loan. With the offer, you’ll receive 1 purchase reward point for every $1 you spend using the credit card. Everytime your rebate balance reaches 2,500 points, you can redeem your points for an instant $50 Countrywide bank deposit or mortgage payment - essentially a 2% cash back offer.

This offer is basically your base 1% cash back offer for non Countrywide bank account holders with an additional special bonus rebate on top for those who are. With the standard purchase offer, you only get 1% back, redeemable for gift cards to a participating merchant of your choice, or a $25 check to use towards home improvement and related supplies. But if you are a Countrywide bank or mortgage customer as well, you’ll get double the rewards, effectively. There is no annual fee, and best of all for high credit card spenders, there is no cap or limit to the amount of rewards you can earn.

While the card has been around for some time in one form or another, it wasn’t until relatively recently that the Countrywide Platinum Visa started to allow customers to redeem points as a savings account deposit as well - becoming a true cash back credit card. Before the switch, the card was just one of those real estate mortgage payment credit card offers.

Take Advantage Of The Max 2% Cash Back Offer With A Countrywide Savings Or Money Market Account

As a credit card buff, I’m always on the prowl for new credit card bonus rewards and purchase rebate offers. I didn’t pay much attention to this credit card offer (since it was just another 1% rebate credit card to me) until I recently opened a Countrywide SavingsLink account so I could write a review about the company’s interest rate offerings. I was personally able to open a Countrywide savings account instantly with no hard credit check performed. If you’re an interest rate chaser, it’s hard to beat a consistent performer like Countrywide. Countrywide Bank has historically offered very high APY interest rates for its interesting bearing savings and money market services. In my regularly updated list of the best high yield savings accounts, I have consistently listed Countrywide Bank as a top performer for its high rate of return for account holders and reliability in offering fast ACH transfer services for those with multiple linked bank accounts. For the high yield SavingsLink, there is a $1,000 minimum balance to open and you’ll need at least $10,000 to get the highest APY rate. For those of you who maintain less than $10,000 in your savings account, there are better choices elsewhere.

Converting An Existing Chase (First USA) Credit Card Into The Countrywide Visa Platinum Card

Since I try my best to keep my FICO credit score rating high, I would rather not recklessly submit an application for a new credit card offer unless I had no other option available to me (new credit card applications ding your credit score ever so slightly everytime). Therefore, I turned to my existing portfolio of cards instead. Since the Countrywide credit card is currently being run by Chase (First USA) card services, I was able to call in and convert an old Chase branded Platinum Visa card into the new Countrywide Visa Platinum Card. Keep in mind, this type of conversion without a new card application is only possible if you have a current Chase or First USA credit card with either the Signature or Platinum designation.

What Will Happen To Countrywide Banking Services With Bank Of America’s Upcoming Acquisition?

It wasn’t too long ago that Countrywide dodged the bankruptcy bullet due to heavy involvement in the subprime mortgage loan mess. With its pending acquisition by Bank of America still being processed and Bank of America already having indicated that it intends to operate Countrywide separately under its existing Countrywide name for at least until 2009, there remains speculation as to what will become of the current line of Countrywide products. One possibility is that the 2% cash back Countrywide credit card will get serviced by Bank of America. But it’s also possible that the program might get shifted onto another card provider like American Express. I’m just speculating at this point, by the way. When Bank of America acquired MBNA, it took the pre-existing 2% rebate MBNA Fidelity 529 Mastercard and hammered it into a new American Express card with a lower 1.5% rebate offer. However and very importantly, existing cardholders were allowed to keep and maintain their old 2% rebate offer as is.

Changes are definitely going to come, but if you are willing to take a little bit of chance, you might be able to secure yourself a great 2% reward card good towards all purchases. How Bank of America plans on integrating or modifying the Countrywide bank account redemption portion of the current offer is a good question. If you’re not willing to take the leap and roll the dice, you might want to consider going with a more predictable and less drama-filled cash back credit card program.

Life is unpredictable. As much as we may try to project what is to come in the future, our feeble attempts at fortune telling and soothsaying inevitably fall short of reality. That’s life and that’s just the way of the world. We may try to walk the steady and safe path paved with good intentions, but sometimes life just insists on chucking a banana peel to trip you up when you least expect it. It’s not always fair and it’s not always just. Bad things happen to good people and sometimes unfortunate circumstances befall even the best of us. But the unforeseen and the unexpected don’t have to ruin our lives and cause everything that’s going for us to fall apart at the seams. We can plan for such an occurrence and protect ourselves the best we can by creating a back up financial contingency plan. Having a “Plan B” savings account and readily accessible emergency fund set aside will give you piece of mind in knowing that you will be taken care of should the worst case scenario occur.

I’ve personally had many unforeseen and unexpected situations spring forth in the last couple of years, and have learned that life comes at you fast. In the last few months, I’ve had to deal with a family health emergency due to the sudden passing of my grandfather which required me to go on emergency leave to fly overseas to be with him. I’ve also had to deal with a significant tax liability bill recently that seemingly came out of no where in the tune of almost $10,000. Most recently, my car suddenly broke down, necessitating me to pay out a good chunk of cash - $80 for an emergency taxi ride, $140 to tow my car to the car dealership for servicing, and an additional $1,200 for the cost of repairing my vehicle’s broken alternator, car battery, and to replace the break pads. All of these sudden expenses are part of the natural course of living but they weren’t expected. Thankfully, I’ve learned to practice what I preach and have been able to maintain sufficient emergency funds to deal with most of my financial emergencies.

Anticipate the Unexpected, and Save Up Enough Money In Readily Accessible Accounts To Cover Several Months Worth Of Living Expenses

There is no hard and fast rule as to how much one needs to have stored away in an emergency fund, but most personal finance bloggers such as myself advocate sufficient liquid savings to survive for at least a few months with no incoming funds. That is, you need sufficient savings to pay for the cost of living in case you are suddenly bed ridden for whatever reason, at least until you can get back on your feet and generate income again. Personally, I keep at least $5,000 cash stored in my bank account for emergency purposes that I try my best to not co-mingle with other investment objectives. That amount of money that I keep aside is designed to handle financial emergencies such as sudden large tax bills, health related injuries or medical bills, emergency car repair, and even the lack of income due to unanticipated unemployment. While some financial advisers advocate earmarking one’s backup emergency fund savings to cover only truly emergency living expenses, I personally take a broader approach and use my  emergency fund money as a monetary buffer for various out of the norm, over the limit type expenses that include necessary car repair charges and unplanned vacation trips. Of course, I make a very strong effort to rapidly replenish the funds as soon as the temporary financial emergency crunch subsides.

So what should we consider as ideal assets for emergency fund planning purposes? Obviously the best sources are ones that are very liquid, that earn interest, that imposes no penalties or interest charges for withdraw, and those that are easily accessible and able to be withdrawn at a moment’s notice preferably in cash money form or equivalent. The most liquid form would clearly be money stored in a piggy bank or bills stashed under your mattress, but with bank branches located everywhere and interest generating accounts easily accessible through the Internet and 24 hour ATM machines, bank related holding accounts are the supreme form of emergency fund savings. Such bank related accounts and assets would include checking accounts, savings accounts, certain forms of laddered CD’s, and money market accounts. The recommended emergency fund storage solution for most people would be to keep at least 3-6 months worth of living income stored in a high yield savings account or money market account. Bank savings and money market accounts (not to be confused with broker based money market funds) are ideal for emergency fund saving purposes. They offer not only high interest earning opportunities but they also provide instant account access, allowing funds to be withdrawn quickly for emergency situations.

While it’s nearly unanimous that putting your money in a high interest savings account is the best way to save and contribute to an emergency fund, there is much greater debate when it comes to two other commonly used forms of emergency funding - money invested in the stock market, and credit cards (specifically 0% credit cards that offer introductory 0% APR interest for balance transfers).

Using Your Stocks, Mutual Funds, or Retirement Savings As Your Emergency Fund Is A Bad Idea

Personally, I have used my brokerage account as my emergency fund before, however I highly advise against the practice. Not only is the money not very liquid and difficult to convert to immediate cash to pay off emergency debts, but oftentimes such hasty and immediate sales of stocks and mutual funds end up being very counter productive and detrimental to one’s overall long term investment strategy. Currently I have a decent amount of money invested in various individuals stocks, mutual funds, and exchange traded funds (ETF’s) through my online discount broker. Most of my brokerage money is being invested as part of a long term investment strategy. Having to sell my equity positions immediately and prematurely would disrupt my investment approach and force me to incur unplanned short term capital gains or sustain premature capital losses. Worse yet would be to withdraw funds from one of my retirement investment accounts such as my 401K, Traditional IRA account, or ROTH IRA. Not only would I disrupt the compound interest process that such tax deferred retirement accounts offer, but the withdraw itself may require me to pay out hefty early cash out penalties. While your investment account is obviously there as a final dead end source of money, one should look to other more liquid and less financially detrimental sources of emergency funds.

I Frequently Use No Fee Balance Transfer Credit Cards To Handle Emergency Expenses, But The Practice Is Only Suitable For Those Who Can Responsibly Handle Credit Card Bills and Payments

The use of 0% credit cards and balance transfers is my favorite and most commonly used source of emergency funds. I know this practice is highly frown upon by anti-credit card types, but it’s worked well for me over the years. Of course, the use of credit cards and particularly the practice of carrying large balance transfer balances (even at 0% APR) isn’t suitable for everyone. For those that have a history of overspending, or who have not demonstrated a responsible and mature ability to micromanage credit card balances, payment due dates, and minimum payment requirements, 0% balance transfer credit cards should be avoided. Those that can’t properly handle the use of credit cards and manage the logistics of balance transfers will risk making a terrible balance transfer mistake and wind up getting themselves into deeper financial trouble with credit card debt than they started out with. But for those who know how to make a balance transfer and know how balance transfer credit cards work, they are an invaluable financial tool to have in your emergency fund holster.

Back when I incurred a sudden and very unexpected $10,000 tax bill, I utilized my excellent FICO credit score to secure an attractive balance transfer card offer of 0% APR interest for 12 months. I utilized the 0% credit card’s high credit limit to pay off the $10,000 IRS tax bill and took advantage of the balance transfer card’s one year introductory period to slowly pay off the credit card debt which was basically the same IRS tax debt except in a much more manageable no interest form. Because I was diligent in making regular payments, I eventually paid back the entire liability and incurred absolutely no interest or penalties in the process. Balance transfer credit cards, when used properly, can help get you through such tough times and offer you a readily available source of interest free funds when you need them the most.

Of course, if the sudden financial emergency is quite substantial and the amount owed greatly exceeds what you anticipate being able to cover within the balance transfer card’s introductory rate period of 6-12 months or longer depending on whether you can keep rolling the balance onto a new 0% balance transfer credit card offer, I would suggest using something like a low interest balance transfer credit card for the life of the loan instead. While you’ll be paying a little bit more with a low interest balance transfer, at least the payments are predictable and you can take your time making regular payments towards paying off the bill without worrying that interest charges will drastically spike after the promo period is over.